The smoothness of HASM   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Chuanfa Chen  Tianxiang Yue  Honglei Dai  Maoyi Tian 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(8):1651-1667

To smooth noises inherent in uniformly sampled dataset, the smoothness of high accuracy surface modeling (HASM) was explored, and a smoothing method of HASM (HASM-SM) was developed based on a penalized least squares method. The optimal smoothing parameter of HASM-SM was automatically obtained by means of the generalized cross-validation (GCV) method. For an efficient smoothing computation, discrete cosine transform was employed to solve the system of HASM-SM and to estimate the minimum GCV score, simultaneously. Two examples including a numerical test and a real-world example were employed to compare the smoothing ability of HASM-SM with that of GCV thin plate smoothing spline (TPS) and kriging. The numerical test indicated that the minimum GCV HASM-SM is averagely more accurate than TPS and kriging for noisy surface smoothing. The real-world example of smoothing a lidar-derived Digital Elevation Model (DEM) showed that HASM-SM has an obvious smoothing effect, which is on a par with TPS. In conclusion, HASM-SM provides an efficient tool for filtering noises in grid-based surfaces like remote sensing–derived images and DEMs.  相似文献   

一个中国大陆地区7级以上地震判定指标被再次验证     

陈学忠 《国际地震动态》2013,(12):23-28

笔者曾利用统计显著性检验方法给出了中国大陆地区5级以上地震年频次与7级以上地震发生关系的判定指标,他们是：①当5级以上地震年频次N5＜10时,其后第6年我国大陆地区将发生7级以上地震;②当5级以上地震年频次N5＞31时,其后第6年我国大陆地区发生7级以上地震的可能性不大.2007年,中国大陆地区5级以上地震年频次为6次,预示2013年中国大陆地区可能会发生7级以上地震.2013年4月20日四川芦山7.0级地震再次使前一个判定指标得到验证.  相似文献   

Turbulence characteristics of flows passing through a tetrahedron frame in a smooth open-channel     

Jau-Yau Lu  Tien-Feng ChangYee-Meng Chiew  Shih-Ping HungJian-Hao Hong 《Advances in water resources》2011,34(6):718-730

The turbulence characteristics of flows passing through a tetrahedron frame were investigated by using a 2-dimensional fiber-optic laser Doppler velocimeter (2-D FLDV). Experiments for uniform flows with different bed slopes under both submerged and un-submerged conditions were carried out in a re-circulating flume with glass side walls. The experimental bed was a smooth fixed bed. It was observed that with the tetrahedron frame the mean longitudinal velocity decrease in the retardation zone. However, both the longitudinal and the vertical turbulence intensities are larger than those for the undisturbed approach flow. The tetrahedron frame may reduce the probability of sediment entrainment by retarding the flow and reducing the boundary shear stress. In addition, it may induce sediment deposition in a sediment laden flow by changing the flow direction and increasing the energy dissipation.  相似文献   

DuMu: DUNE for multi-{phase, component, scale, physics, …} flow and transport in porous media     

B. Flemisch  M. DarcisK. Erbertseder  B. FaigleA. Lauser  K. MosthafS. Müthing  P. NuskeA. Tatomir  M. WolffR. Helmig 《Advances in water resources》2011,34(9):1102-1112

DuMu^x is a free and open-source simulator for flow and transport processes in porous media, based on the Distributed and Unified Numerics Environment (DUNE). Its main intention is to provide a sustainable and consistent framework for the implementation and application of model concepts, constitutive relations, discretizations, and solvers. The paper provides an overview of DuMu^x with the focus on software-related aspects. Selected examples highlight the multi-scale and the parallel capabilities.  相似文献   

Coupled discrete element and finite volume solution of two classical soil mechanics problems     

Feng Chen  Eric. C. Drumm  Georges Guiochon 《Computers and Geotechnics》2011

One dimensional solutions for the classic critical upward seepage gradient/quick condition and the time rate of consolidation problems are obtained using coupled routines for the finite volume method (FVM) and discrete element method (DEM), and the results compared with the analytical solutions. The two phase flow in a system composed of fluid and solid is simulated with the fluid phase modeled by solving the averaged Navier–Stokes equation using the FVM and the solid phase is modeled using the DEM. A framework is described for the coupling of two open source computer codes: YADE-OpenDEM for the discrete element method and OpenFOAM for the computational fluid dynamics. The particle–fluid interaction is quantified using a semi-empirical relationship proposed by Ergun [12]. The two classical verification problems are used to explore issues encountered when using coupled flow DEM codes, namely, the appropriate time step size for both the fluid and mechanical solution processes, the choice of the viscous damping coefficient, and the number of solid particles per finite fluid volume.  相似文献   

油气藏埋存二氧化碳生物转化甲烷的机理和应用研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

魏小芳  罗一菁  刘可禹  帅燕华 《地球科学进展》2011,26(5):499-506

埋存CO<,2>生物转化CH<,4>技术是利用油、气藏中内源微生物,以埋存的CO<,2>为底物,通过CO<,2>生物还原途径合成CH<,4>的生物技术.此技术因兼备CO<,2>减排的环保意义、生物合成CH<,4>的再生能源意义、延长油气藏寿命和潜在经济收益等优势有着广泛应用前景.CO<,2>的捕集、埋存和油气藏生物多样...  相似文献   

Using existing scientific capacity to set targets for ecosystem-based management: A Puget Sound case study     

Jameal F. Samhouri  Phillip S. Levin  C. Andrew James  Jessi Kershner  Greg Williams 《Marine Policy》2011

Human actions have altered the structure and function of coastal ecosystems worldwide. In many locations, the overall portfolio of goods, cultural amenities, and supporting services provided by the marine environment has deteriorated. Ecosystem-based management (EBM) offers significant promise for addressing these issues because it is a comprehensive and integrated approach designed to reconcile conflicts and trade-offs among users of marine resources. A key step in the implementation of EBM is the establishment of target reference levels, or desired states, for indicators that reflect the status of the ecosystem. This paper reviews five approaches, borrowed from a variety of disciplines, to establish target reference levels for EBM. The approaches include the use of existing reference levels, reference directions, and reference levels based on nonlinear functional relationships, baselines, or social norms. Each approach is particularly suitable for EBM because it can be used alone or in combination with others to contextualize status for a diverse suite of ecosystem goals influenced by a wide variety of human activities. Perhaps most importantly, these approaches offer a prospectus for moving forward with EBM by using readily available information, motivating existing scientific capacity, and addressing trade-offs implicit to the setting of targets. This last point is articulated via examples of how each type of reference level might be applied in Puget Sound, WA, USA, where the efforts of scientists, managers, and policy makers have aligned recently in the interest of EBM implementation.  相似文献   

敞开酸溶-电感耦合等离子体光谱法测定钨矿石和钼矿石中微量元素   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

黄光明  蔡玉曼  王冰  乔爱香  高孝礼  江冶 《岩矿测试》2013,32(3):431-435

钨矿石和钼矿石具有丰富的共生或伴生元素,检测共生或伴生元素的含量有利于矿产资源的综合利用.在国家标准方法中钨矿石和钼矿石的共生或伴生元素含量是按元素分别检测,效率很低.本文在敞开体系中用盐酸+硝酸+氢氟酸+高氯酸消解样品,以7％盐酸溶解盐类,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱同时测定钨矿石和钼矿石中铋、钴、铜、锂、镍、磷、铅、锶、钒、锌等10种微量元素.选定了各元素的分析谱线和光谱级次,采用离峰背景校正法消除背景干扰,干扰元素校正系数法消除元素间的谱线重叠干扰.方法检出限为1.43 ～ 18.8 μg/g,加标回收率为90％ ～ 110％.经钨矿石和钼矿石标准物质分析验证,测定结果与标准值基本吻合,方法精密度(RSD,n=10)小于8％.该方法克服了碱熔引入大量碱金属元素以及可能引入杂质的缺陷,又不用处理钨酸和钼酸沉淀,能快速测定钨矿石和钼矿石中微量共生或伴生元素.  相似文献   

A Comparative Study of Five Reference Materials and the Lombard Meteorite for the Determination of the Platinum‐Group Elements and Gold by LA‐ICP‐MS     

Sarah Gilbert  Leonid Danyushevsky  Philip Robinson  Cora Wohlgemuth‐Ueberwasser  Norman Pearson  Dany Savard  Marc Norman  Jacob Hanley 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2013,37(1):51-64

A range of independently characterised reference materials (RMs) for LA‐ICP‐MS, used for the determination of the platinum‐group elements (PGE) and Au in a sulfide matrix, were analysed and compared: 8b, PGE‐A, NiS‐3, Po727‐T1, Po724‐T and the Lombard meteorite. The newly developed RM NiS‐3 was used as the RM for the calibration of all LA‐ICP‐MS analyses and the measured concentrations of the other RMs compared against their published concentrations. This data were also used to assess the consistency of concentrations calibrated against the different RMs. It was found that Po727‐T1 and 8b produced results that were comparable, within uncertainty, for all elements. Po727‐T1 also produced consistent results with NiS‐3 for all elements. All other RMs showed differences for some elements, especially Ru in Po724‐T, and Os, Ir and Au in PGE‐A. The homogeneity of the PGE and Au in each RM was assessed, by comparing the precision of multiple LA‐ICP‐MS spot analyses with the average uncertainty of the signal. Po724‐T, Po727‐T1 and the Lombard meteorite were found to be homogeneous for all elements, but 8b, PGE‐A and NiS‐3 were heterogeneous for some elements. This is the first direct comparison between a range of independently characterised PGE and Au LA‐ICP‐MS RMs.  相似文献   

加拿大海王星:科学、运行、管理     

王克林  Kate Moran 《地球科学进展》2013,28(5):521-528

加拿大海王星是世界最大的海底缆接科学观测网,于2009年开始运行.它连接了位于不同水深和不同海洋地质环境的大批观测仪器,把数据连续不断地通过互联网传给科学家和大众.海王星的建立是为了推动地震过程和大地构造、海底地下流体、海洋生物与气候变化、深海生态系统、工程和信息科学等五大科学命题的研究.为最大程度地推动国际合作,加速科学发展步伐,它的系统使用完全开放,数据全部免费公开,这在科学史上前所未见.这种全方位、全开放的复杂庞大的科研系统需要高超的管理方法和优良的学术环境.  相似文献